Dust Mite Facts

• Dust mites are a common cause of allergy problems.
  
  
• They belong to the spider family, but can be seen only with a microscope.
  
  
• Mites live in beds, carpets, upholstery and stuffed toys.
  
  
• They prefer warmth and moisture (temperature 20-25° C, humidity above 50%).
  
  
• Dust mites may live for 6 weeks. Each female may lay 40-80 eggs.
  
  
• Mites feed on dead human skin and produce waste (fecal pellets).
  
  
• Allergy problems are mainly caused by the fecal pellets.
  
  
• One mite may produce 20 fecal pellets a day. The pellets remain long after the mite is gone.
  
  
• A person allergic to dust mites should try to avoid them. This may decrease problems and the need for medicine.
  
  

Important Control Measures

• At least 1/3 of a child’s time is spent in the bedroom. Focus on this room.
  
  
• Encase the mattress with an airtight, dust-proof cover. Covers come in a range of prices.
  
  
• If a dust-proof cover is too costly, wrap the mattress in building plastic. Seal all seams with tape. Use a fitted washable, quilted mattress cover for comfort over the plastic. Wash it with the bedding.
  
  
• Wash bedding once a week in hot water and dry in a hot dryer for at least 45 minutes.
  
  
• Put pillows, blankets and comforters in the dryer on the hot cycle for 45 minutes every two weeks. Replace pillows every 2-3 years.
  
  
• If possible, avoid carpet in the bedroom.
  
  

Other Comments

• Remove anything from the bedroom that is not needed.
  
  
• If a child has a favorite stuffed toy that cannot be washed, treat it like the pillows.
  
  
• Putting articles in the freezer will kill the dust mites. It does not affect the fecal pellets.
  
  
• Vacuuming removes only surface dust. Live mites are hard to vacuum. Vacuums which use a water system are no better than normal vacuums.
  
  
• Air cleaners are not helpful in removing dust mites or fecal pellets.
  
  
• A 3% tannic acid solution can break down the mite pellets. It does not kill the mites. CAUTION: It may stain upholstery.
  
  
• Do not use a humidifier in the bedroom. If humidity in the home is very high, use a dehumidifier.
  
  

Buying a Dust Mite Cover

• Vinyl and other low cost mite proof covers can be found at most stores that sell bed linen.
  
  
• More expensive covers can be obtained through specialty outlets.
  
  
• Speak to your certified asthma educator if you need further advice.